[1]赵德生,霍有志.基于GA-LQR的高速列车横向振动主动控制方法研究[J].高速铁路技术,2025,(01):49-54,62.[doi:10.12098/j.issn.1674-8247.2025.01.008]
 ZHAO Desheng HUO Youzhi.Research on Active Control Method of Lateral Vibration for High-speed Trains Based on GA-LQR[J].HIGH SPEED RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY,2025,(01):49-54,62.[doi:10.12098/j.issn.1674-8247.2025.01.008]
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基于GA-LQR的高速列车横向振动主动控制方法研究()
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《高速铁路技术》[ISSN:1674-8247/CN:51-1730/U]

卷:
期数:
2025年01期
页码:
49-54,62
栏目:
研究创新
出版日期:
2025-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research on Active Control Method of Lateral Vibration for High-speed Trains Based on GA-LQR
文章编号:
1674-8247(2025)01-0049-06
作者:
赵德生1霍有志2
(1.南京铁道职业技术学院, 南京 210031; 2.中国铁路哈尔滨局集团有限公司, 哈尔滨 150006)
Author(s):
ZHAO Desheng1 HUO Youzhi2
(1.Nanjing Vocational Institute of Railway Technology, Nanjing 210031,China; 2.China Railway Harbin Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150006,China)
关键词:
高速列车 横向振动 主动控制 线性二次型调节器 遗传算法
Keywords:
high-speed trains lateral vibration active control linear quadratic regulator genetic algorithm
分类号:
U270.3
DOI:
10.12098/j.issn.1674-8247.2025.01.008
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
本文针对随机轨道不规则激励造成高速列车车体横向振动问题,提出一种基于GA-LQR算法和二系悬架系统的主动控制方法,通过抑制车体的横向振动提高高速列车的运行平稳性和安全性。首先,考虑随机轨道不规则激励并建立车辆-轨道系统动力学模型; 其次,针对LQR控制器设计时权重矩阵Q和R较难选择的问题,采用GA算法迭代优化得到最优权矩阵和控制器; 最后,通过模拟仿真进一步验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明,所提出的基于GA-LQR算法和二系悬架系统的主动控制方法,具有抑制列车车体横向振动的有效潜力,与被动悬架方法相比,该方法有效地将车体横向振动振幅降低68.47%,显著提升了乘坐舒适性和高速列车运行的稳定性。
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of lateral vibration of high-speed trains caused by random irregular track excitation, an active control method based on GA-LQR algorithm and secondary suspension system was proposed to suppress lateral vibrations of car body and improve the ride smoothness and safety of high-speed trains. Firstly, a vehicle-track system dynamics model was established by considering random irregular track excitations. Secondly, in response to the difficulty in selecting the weight matrices Q and R during the design of LQR controllers, the GA algorithm was iteratively optimized to obtain the optimal weight matrices and controllers. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was further verified through simulation. The findings indicate that the proposed active control method based on GA-LQR algorithm and secondary suspension system has effective potential in suppressing lateral vibrations of car body. Compared with passive suspension method, this method reduces the lateral vibration amplitude of train body by 68.47%, thereby enhancing ride comfort and the stability of high-speed train operations.

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参考文献[19]。本文采用具有高精度、高效且稳定的新型显示积分方法进行求解,其积分步长为1×10-4
2 模型主要计算参数
2.1 模型参数
本文采用的列车、钢轨、扣件、轨道板及板下支撑元件计算参数如表2所示。
表2 车辆-轨道耦合系统关键参数表

参数 数值车体/转向架/轮对质量/kg 38 884,2 600,2 100车体绕x、y、z轴转动惯量/(kg·m2)110.484,1 670.900,1 440.725转向架绕x、y、z轴转动惯量/(kg·m2)2.106,1.423,2.600轮对绕x、y、z轴转动惯量/(kg·m2)756,84,1 029钢轨/轨道板弹性模量/GPa 205.9,36.0钢轨/轨道板泊松比 0.30,0.25钢轨/轨道板密度/(kg/m3)7 860,2 500轨道板长×宽×高/(m)6.45×2.55×0.19扣件横向、垂向刚度/(MN/m)50,30扣件横向、垂向阻尼/(kN·s/m)35,30板下支撑横向、垂向面刚度/(MN/m3)250,1 250板下支撑横向、垂向面阻尼/(kN·s/m3)34.58,34.58


2.2 轨道不平顺激励
轨道不平顺采用中国高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱,波长范围取1~120 m。根据上述参数再经傅里叶逆变换可得不平顺空间域样本,如图4所示。
3 计算结果及分析
以CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道板为例,每块轨道板上有10组扣件,假设裂纹长度为1 m,趋势呈线性,界面光滑且垂直于轨道板长边,处于第5组和第6组扣件正中位置, 对比分析有无侧裂纹对轨道板动力响应的影
图4 轨道不平顺激励样本图
响,并针对不同车速工况对含侧裂纹轨道板的动力学性能的影响展开了研究。
3.1 侧裂纹对轨道板动力性能的影响
本文考虑一列8节编组的高速列车在随机轨道不平顺激励下以300 km/h的速度运行。在上述条件下,有无侧裂纹的轨道板模型预测时域动态响应结果如图5所示。
由图5可知,有无侧裂纹对轨道板横向和垂向均存在不同程度的差异。在轨道板垂向位移方面, 有侧裂纹的轨道板垂向位移大于无侧裂纹的轨道板,相比于无侧裂纹时,含侧裂纹的轨道板垂向最大位移增加了9.81%; 轨道板横向位移与垂向位移类似,相比于无侧裂纹时,含侧裂纹轨道板横向最大位移增加了14.57%。与无裂纹轨道板垂向和横向的加速度最大值(垂向:48.59 m/s2; 横向:3.83 m/s2)相比,含侧裂纹轨道板相应方向的加速度的最大值(垂向:56.68 m/s2; 横向:7.30 m/s2)分别增大16.65%和90.60%。
图5 有无侧裂纹对轨道板6号扣件处动力响应的影响图

有无侧裂纹对车体、钢轨横向加速度的影响如图6、图7所示,轨道板有无裂纹对钢轨及车体横向加速度的影响较小。
图6 有无侧裂纹对车体横向加速度的影响图
图7 有无侧裂纹对钢轨横向加速度的影响图

3.2 车速对含侧裂纹的轨道板动力性能的影响
通过对比整个轨道板位置的动力响应可知,轨道板横向和垂向动力响应均较大的位置在靠近轨道板边缘与裂缝的交界处。因此选择靠近裂纹与轨道板边缘处的节点的响应来研究不同列车速度下(250~350 km/h)裂纹板的振动规律。在不同列车速度下,有无边裂的轨道板的横向和垂直加速度时域结果如图8~图11所示。
图8 车速对有裂纹轨道板横向加速度的影响图
图9 车速对无裂纹轨道板横向加速度的影响图
图10 车速对有裂纹轨道板垂向加速度的影响图
图11 车速对无裂纹轨道板垂向加速度的影响图
由图8~图11可知,随着速度的增加,有无侧裂纹的轨道板在横向和垂向加速度时域结果中均呈现逐步增加的趋势。无侧裂纹存在时,相比于车速250 km/h的轨道板的横向加速度最大值(0.35 g),车速350 km/h的轨道板的横向加速度最大值(0.55 g)增加了57.14%; 垂向加速度最大值(250 km/h:6.27 g; 350 km/h:9.68 g)增加了54.39%。有侧裂纹存在时,相比于车速250 km/h的轨道板的横向加速度最大值(0.58 g),车速350 km/h的轨道板的横向加速度最大值(1.33 g)增加了129.31%; 垂向加速度最大值(250 km/h:12.18 g; 350 km/h:13.51 g)增加了10.92%。由此可知,车速对有侧裂纹轨道板横向加速度的影响较大,同时,有侧裂纹时的轨道板横向和垂向加速度最大值均大于无侧裂纹轨道板相应方向上的加速度最大值。
在不同列车速度下,有无侧裂纹轨道板的横向、垂直加速度均方根值的比较如图12所示。由图12可知,无裂纹轨道板和有裂纹轨道板的横向和垂直加速度的均方根值也随着列车速度的增长而逐渐增加,有侧裂纹板的均方根加速度明显大于无裂纹轨道板(完整板)。与完整板的横向和垂向加速度的均方根值相比,有侧裂纹的轨道板相应方向加速度的均方根值分别增加了2.8倍和1.9倍。此外,相比于速度250 km/h的裂纹板横向和垂向的加速度均方根值(横向:0.12 g; 垂向:2.20 g),速度350 km/h(横向:0.25 g; 垂向:2.57 g)时的均方根结果分别增加了2.1倍和1.2倍。
图12 列车速度对有无侧裂纹对轨道板动力响应的影响图
综上所述,侧裂纹的存在会在轨道板裂纹附近区域引起振动放大效应,而较高的运行速度会加剧该区域的振动(尤其是横向运动),该现象可能会导致含侧裂纹的轨道板在长期列车循环荷载作用下裂纹进一步发展,最终给轨道结构的稳定性带来挑战。
4 结束语
本文通过MATLAB-ABAQUS联合方正技术搭建了列车-侧裂纹轨道板动力相互作用的空间动力学模型,实现了列车动载荷作用下裂纹板振动状态的预测与评价。对比分析有无侧裂纹对轨道板动力响应的影响,并针对不同车速工况对含侧裂纹轨道板的动力学性能的影响展开研究。得到主要结论如下:
(1)MATLAB-ABAQUS联合仿真技术能有效解决含侧裂纹的轨道板动力学建模问题,相比于推导侧裂纹的轨道板振动解析方程,该方法具有更强的适用性和高效性。
(2)有无侧裂纹的轨道板在轨道板动力响应结果中存在显著差异。侧裂纹的存在会显著增加轨道板垂向和横向的位移与加速度,其中对横向加速度影响最为明显,增大幅值达90.60%。此外,有无裂纹轨道板的存在对钢轨和车辆动力响应的影响微小。
(3)列车速度与轨道板加速度关系密切,且均随速度的增大而逐步增大。侧裂纹的存在会在轨道板裂纹附近区域引起振动放大效应,而更高的运行速度会加剧其振动(尤其是轨道板横向运动),导致裂纹在长期列车循环荷载下进一步扩展,给轨道结构自身稳定性带来挑战。


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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2024-09-02
作者简介:赵德生(1984-),男,副教授。
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-02-20